Solanaceae
Capsicum chinense
Jacq., 1776
Habanero / Scotch Bonnet
Description
The species responsible for most of the world's hottest peppers. Native to the Amazon basin and Caribbean, C. chinense has been selected by breeders to produce record-breaking capsaicinoid concentrations. The habanero (100 000–350 000 SHU) and Scotch Bonnet are traditional Caribbean varieties; the Bhut Jolokia / Ghost Pepper (over 1 000 000 SHU, formerly world record) is from Northeast India; the Carolina Reaper (1 400 000–2 200 000 SHU, current Guinness record) was bred by Ed Curlin in South Carolina.
Despite the epithet 'chinense' (meaning 'Chinese'), the species has no connection to China — Jacquin mistakenly believed his specimen came from China. All world-record peppers since 2006 have been C. chinense or C. chinense × C. annuum hybrids.
Phylogénie
Habitat & Distribution
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7 occurrences naturelles cartographiées
1Moruga — wild and cultivated · Trinidad and TobagoNorth America
Altitude
0–300m
Climat
Tropical rainforest
Sol
Clay loam
Coordonnées
10.300, -61.400
2Island-wide — Scotch Bonnet cultivation · JamaicaNorth America
Altitude
0–500m
Coordonnées
18.100, -77.300
3Yucatán — habanero production · MexicoNorth America
Altitude
0–50m
Coordonnées
20.900, -89.600
4Nagaland, Assam, Manipur — Bhut Jolokia · IndiaAsia
Altitude
100–800m
Climat
Subtropical humid
Coordonnées
26.100, 94.600
5South Carolina — Fort Mill (Reaper breeding) · United StatesNorth America
Altitude
50–200m
Coordonnées
35.000, -80.900
6Pará — Amazon basin (wild origin) · BrazilSouth America
Altitude
0–300m
Climat
Tropical rainforest
Sol
Oxisol
Coordonnées
-3.000, -52.000
7Cayo District — habanero · BelizeNorth America
Altitude
0–200m
Coordonnées
17.100, -88.700
Conservation
Statut IUCN
LCAucun cultivateur encore
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