Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum
L., 1753
Piment / Poivron
Description
The most widely cultivated Capsicum species, encompassing an extraordinary range of morphological and chemical diversity: from the completely sweet bell pepper (0 SHU) to the fiery cayenne (30 000–50 000 SHU) and serrano (10 000–23 000 SHU). Domesticated in Mexico approximately 6 000–8 000 years ago. Includes hundreds of named cultivars.
C. annuum var. annuum is the domesticated form; C. annuum var. glabriusculum (chiltepin/bird pepper) is the likely wild ancestor. Crosses freely with C. chinense and C. frutescens under cultivation.
Phylogénie
Habitat & Distribution
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7 occurrences naturelles cartographiées
1Oaxaca, Puebla, Yucatán — dry forest edges · MexicoNorth America
Altitude
0–2000m
Climat
Tropical/subtropical dry
Sol
Well-drained loam
Coordonnées
17.000, -96.000
2Pacific coastal lowlands · GuatemalaNorth America
Altitude
0–800m
Coordonnées
14.500, -90.500
3La Vera, Extremadura (paprika region) · SpainEurope
Altitude
200–600m
Climat
Continental Mediterranean
Coordonnées
39.900, -5.800
4Andhra Pradesh — major producing state · IndiaAsia
Altitude
0–400m
Coordonnées
15.900, 79.700
5Sichuan — major producing province · ChinaAsia
Altitude
200–600m
Coordonnées
30.000, 104.000
6Kalocsa — paprika production · HungaryEurope
Altitude
80–120m
Coordonnées
46.500, 19.000
7Coastal Peru — wild distribution · PeruSouth America
Altitude
0–1500m
Coordonnées
-12.000, -75.000
Conservation
Statut IUCN
LCAucun cultivateur encore
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